不定詞動名詞-國中會考必考觀念一次搞懂

不定詞和動名詞是英文文法中重要的概念之一，不定詞的表現方式 “to +原型動詞”組成，而動名詞的表現方式為 “動詞+ing” ，因不定詞動名詞牽涉的概念用法相當廣泛，筆者將本文重心放在國中會考必考的不定詞與動名詞用字和相關概念，內容如目錄所條列，筆者將一一詳細講介紹，希望能幫助各位國中考生和想初步了解不定詞動名詞用法的英文初學者，讀者可能會有疑問: 這麼多的不定詞動名詞用法倒底要怎麼記得住? 建議大家最好的方法就是用這些字詞去造句應用到生活中，練習久了自然而然就背起來囉!

1.只接不定詞(to V)的動詞:

want想要 need需要 plan計畫 learn 學習

對話1:
A: I need to get to the airport by six.
B: Do you want me to drive you?
A: Yeah, thanks.

A: 我需要在六點以前抵達機場
B: 你想要我載你嗎?
A: 好啊~ 感謝

對話2:
A: What are you doing this weekend?
B: I plan to make a new dish.
A: What are you going to make?
B: Beef noodles.
A: Wow! Sounds nice. Can I join you? I want to learn to make it too.
B: Sure!

A: 你這周末要做什麼?
B: 我計畫做一道新菜
A: 你要做什麼菜
B: 牛肉麵
A: 哇! 聽你來很棒! 我可以加入嗎? 我也想要學怎麼做
B: 當然

2.只接動名詞(V-ing)的動詞:

enjoy享受 practice練習 keep保持 finish完成

A: What do you enjoy doing?
B: I enjoy studying English.
A: Do you practice speaking English every day?
B: Almost.
A: Who do you talk to?
B: I chat with my friends in English twice a week. I try to keep speaking English as much as I can.
A: By the way, have you finished reading The Secret Garden, the novel assigned by our teacher?
B: I’m almost done.
A: Amazing!

A: 你喜歡做什麼?
B: 我喜歡讀英文
A: 你每天練習說英文嗎?
B: 幾乎是
A: 你跟誰說英文?
B: 我跟我朋友用英文聊天一周兩次， 我試著盡我所能的持續說英文
A: 對了， 你讀完祕密花園了嗎? 我們老師指派閱讀的那本小說
B: 我幾乎看完了
A: 太令人驚嘆了!

3.(1)接不定詞( to V) 或動名詞(V-ing) 皆可意思相同的動詞

love喜愛 like喜歡 being/start開始

Anita loves to play basketball in her free time.
Anita loves playing basketball in her free time.
Anita喜歡在她的休閒時間打籃球

Eason likes to watch TV on weekends.
Eason likes watching TV on weekends.
Eason周末喜歡看電視

It started to snow last night. It began to snow last night.
It started snowing last night. It began snowing last now.
昨天晚上開始下雪

看完以上的對話和例句，不知道大家有沒有比較懂這些字的用法，簡單來說，只接不定詞(to V)的動詞有want想要 need需要 plan計畫 learn 學習；只接動名詞(V-ing)的動詞有enjoy享受 practice練習 keep保持 finish完成;可接不定詞( to V) 或動名詞(V-ing) 且意思相同的動詞有love喜愛 like喜歡 being/start開始，接下來請讀者小試身手一下下面的練習題，看是否自己已經精熟以上動詞的用法：

常見不定詞動名詞題目1: 填入working 或 to work [有的題目答案兩者皆可]

1.I need ____ on weekdays.
2. Sara plans ______overtime this weekend.
3. I enjoy _________ in this language school.
4. Peter was tired, but he decided to keep______.
5. Children need to learn _____with others.
6. You should practice _________ under pressure.
7. Jan works from home and usually finishes _____at 10 pm.
8. Christina loves _____with different kinds of people.
9. He likes _____ with his hands.
10. Eddie began _____ on this project a week ago.

答案:
1. need to work.
2. plans to work.
3. enjoy working
4. keep working
5. learn to work.
6. practice working
7.finishes working.
8. loves to work/ loves working
9. likes to work/ likes working
10. began to work/ began working

3.(2)接不定詞( to V) 或動名詞(V-ing) 皆可但意思不同的動詞

remember記得 forget忘記 stop停止

remember to do something: 記得要去做某事
forget to do something: 忘記要去做某事
stop to do something: 停下目前正在做的事 為了要去做某事

remember doing something: 記得發生在過去的某事
forget doing something: 忘記發生在過去的某事
stop doing something: 停下目前正在做的動作

Jessica and Sean are brother and sister, but they are quite different. Jessica is organized, while Sean is careless. For example, Jessica always remembers to turn off the lights in the house and lock the door before going to bed at night. However, Sean usually forgets to turn off the fan or the lights after using them.

Jessica和Sean是手足，但是他們相當不一樣。Jessica井井有條，但是Sean馬馬虎虎。例如: Jessica每天晚上上床睡覺之前都會記得要去關掉房子中的電燈並且鎖門。然而，Sean常常忘記關掉風扇或電燈在他使用之後。

*Jessica always remembers to turn off the lights in the house and lock the door. -> 這邊使用remember to do sth 去表達 “Jessica記得要去做關燈和鎖門的動作”

*Sean usually forgets to turn off the fan or the lights-> 這邊使用forget to do sth 去表達 “Sean忘記去做關電扇和關燈的動作”

One day, Jessica and Sean went to the movies. At a parking lot near the movie theater

Jessica: Shall we go? The movie is about to start.

Sean: Uh-oh. I don’t remember locking my scooter. I’ll go back and check.

Jessica: Not again!

某天，Jessica and Sean去看電影，在電影院附近的停車場:

Jessica: 我們該走了嗎? 電影快要開始了

Sean: 哦喔! 我不記得我到底有沒有把機車上鎖，我要回去查看一下

Jessica: 又來了!

*I don’t remember locking my scooter.-> 這邊用remember + ving 去表達 “此時此刻我不確定我倒底上鎖了沒，我不記得有沒有做過這件事情”

After the movie

Sean: What did you think of the movie?

Jessica: The special effects were great! The actors did a good job too. I especially loved the ending. I’ll never forget seeing that touching scene.

Sean: Yeah, it was a heartwarming story. The background music in the final scene was beautiful. I’ll never forget hearing it.

While Sean and Jessica were talking, they saw their teachers walking out of the movie theater. They stopped talking and went over to say hello. After chatting with their teachers for a while, Sean and Jessica stopped on their way home to have dinner. They had a great time.

看完電影之後:

Sean: 你覺得這部電影如何?

Jessica: 特效很棒，演員們也演得很出色，我特別喜歡它的結局，我永遠也不會忘記那令人感動的場景。

Sean: 對阿! 它是個暖心的故事，最後場景的背景音樂也很美，我永遠不會忘記。

當Sean和Jessica 正在說話的時候，他們看到他們的老師們走出電影院，他們停止聊天然後走過去跟老師打招呼。在聊了一會兒之後，Sean和Jessica 在回家的路上停下來去吃晚餐，他們玩得很開心。

*I’ll never forget seeing that touching scene. I’ll never forget hearing it.-> 這邊用I’ll never forget + ving 去表達 “將永不忘記已經看過的場景或聽過的音樂”

*They stopped talking. -> 這邊用stop +ving去表達 “停下正在說話的這個動作” * Sean and Jessica stopped on their way home to have dinner. 這邊用stop +ving去表達 “他們停下目前正在前往家的這件事情 然後去吃晚餐”

常見不定詞動名詞題目2: 選出正確的中文意思

1.Kevin remembered to call his mother after he got to the hotel.
A) Kevin 抵達旅館後已經打過電話給他媽媽 他記得這件事情
B) Kevin 抵達旅館後 記得要去打電話給他媽媽

2. Kate remembered going to the secret garden with her best friend.
A) Kate 回想起她曾經和她的好友去過祕密花園這件事
B) Kate 記得要跟她的好友一起去祕密花園

3. Cathy forgot to pick up her daughter.
A) Cathy 忘記要去接她女兒
B) Cathy 已經接了她女兒 但她不記得她做過這件事情

4. Robert stopped taking the medicine when he felt better.
A) Robert 停止手邊正在做的事情去吃藥
B) Robert 停止吃藥當他覺得身體好些時

5. Robert and Jan stopped to get gas before they hit the road.
A) Robert 和 Jan 在啟程前停下來去給車子加油
B) Robert 和 Jan 在啟程前 停下正在加油的動作

答案: BAABA

4.使役動詞 make, have, get

make, have, get當使役動詞使用時顧名思義具有 “使某人做某事 要某人做某事” 的文意

make, have 用法上都是直接加原型動詞 make/have someone do something

get用法則是 get someone to do something

My mother made me do the dishes.
My mother had me do the dishes.
My mother got me to do the dishes.
這三句翻成中文意思都是 “我媽媽使我洗碗” 但是意思上稍微有程度的差別:

My mother made me do the dishes.
-> 我媽媽迫使我洗碗 我沒有選擇權或不能拒絕

My mother had me do the dishes.
-> 我媽媽要求我洗碗 語氣上沒有made me do the dishes 那麼強烈

My mother got me to do the dishes.
-> 我媽媽用各種理由成功說服我要洗碗

我們來看一下下面三句話放在情境中是如何使用的:

1) Johnny: Mom, can I go out with my friends?

Johnny’s Mom: No, you can’t. Do the dishes first, then you can go out.

Johnny: 媽, 我可以跟朋友出去玩嗎?

Johnny’s Mom: 不行. 先把碗洗了，你才可以出去。

在這個對話中媽媽的語氣強烈，媽媽迫使Johnny洗碗，他不能拒絕， 適合用-> Johnny’s mother made him do the dishes. 來表達

2) Johnny: Mom, can I go out with my friends?

Johnny’s Mom: Sure, but you have to do the dishes first. You promised you’d do them.

Johnny: 媽, 我可以跟朋友出去玩嗎?

Johnny’s Mom: 當然！但是你必須先把碗洗了，你答應說要洗碗的。

在這個對話中媽媽語氣是要求Johnny洗碗， 適合用-> Johnny’s mother had him do the dishes. 來表達

3) Johnny: Mom, can I go out with my friends?

Johnny’s Mom: Sure, but Johnny, you still haven't done the dishes. If you leave them in the sink too long, they'll attract ants and cockroaches, and they’ll start to smell. Bacteria will grow on them too. You don't want to eat off gross dishes like that, do you?

Johnny:Okay Okay, I'll do them right now.

Johnny: 媽, 我可以跟朋友出去玩嗎?
Johnny’s Mom: 當然！但是Johnny, 你還沒有碗洗，如果你把碗盤放在水槽太久，會吸引螞蟻蟑螂過來，而且碗盤會開始發臭並孳生細菌，你不會想要這些噁心的碗盤吃飯的，對嗎?
Johnny: 好 好 我現在馬上洗!

在這個對話中，媽媽用各種理由成功說服Johnny要洗碗， 適合用-> Johnny’s mother got him to do the dishes. 來表達

5.let, help用法

let讓 help幫助

let 用法: 直接加原型動詞 let someone do something

help 用法: 直接加原型動詞 help someone do something 或著 接不定詞( to V) help someone to do sth 都可以

My scooter broke down, so my friend let me ride hers.
我的機車壞了，所以我的朋友讓我騎她的機車

Let’s go jogging! 讓我們去慢跑吧!

My brother helped me move the bookcase.
My brother helped me to move the bookcase.
我的弟弟幫我移動書櫃

常見不定詞動名詞題目3: 請選出使役動詞+let, help的正確用法

1.Jenny’s aunt lets her __ computer games after she finishes her homework.
A) play B) plays C) to play

2.My dad makes me __ the hosework before dinner.
A) does B) to do C) do

3.The teacher had the students __ their textbooks.
A) opens B) open C) to open

4. Lisa helps her brother __ his coat up.
A) zip B) zips C) to zip

5. We let our dog __ in the park.
A) runs B) to run C) run

6. The teacher got his students __ the classroom.
A) clean B) cleans C) to clean

7. I had the repairperson __ the air-conditioner.
A) fixed B) fix C) to fix

8. Sarah’s mom lets her __ her favorite cartoons after dinner.
A) watch B) watches C) to watch

9. My grandpa helps me __ new words in Taiwanese.
A) learn B) learns C) to learn

10. The boss got the workers ____work on weekends.
A) worked B) work C) to work

答案: 1.play 2.do 3.open 4. zip/ to zip 5. run 6. to clean 7. fix 8. watch 9. learn/ to learn 10. to work

6.感官動詞

感官動詞顧名思義描述五感，常見的感官動詞如下:
see, watch, look at看, hear, listen to 聽, smell 聞 feel 感覺

感官動詞用法: 直接加原型動詞或ving

I saw my classmate run down the hallway.
I saw my classmate running down the hallway.
我看到我的同學在走廊上奔跑

*這兩個例句意思幾乎是一樣的，但如果後面接的動詞是ving，比較有強調 “當下正在發生”的感覺

When I walked into the classroom, I heard my student singing.
當我走進教室時，我聽到我的學生在唱歌

I heard a pop singer sing in the park yesterday.
我昨天在公園聽到流行歌手唱歌

I listened to the radio host talking about the flooding.
我聆聽廣播主持人講述關於洪水的事情

The reporter watched thousands of volunteers helping Guangfu villagers. They shoveled mud and debris from their homes and streets.
記者看到數以千計的志工幫助光復鄉民，志工們從家園及街道上鏟出汙泥和殘骸

The villagers felt the ground shaking when the earthquake happened.
居民們感受到地上晃動當地震發生時

A:What was your sister doing when you saw her in the playground?
B: She was looking at her three children playing.

A:你的姐姐那時在做什麼當你在兒童遊戲區看到她時?
B: 她當時正看著她的三個小孩玩耍

A:Can you smell someone smoking?
B: Yeah, that man over there is smoking.

A:你有聞到有人在抽菸嗎?
B: 有阿，那邊的男人正在抽菸

*如果不清楚see, watch, look at, hear, listen to用法差別的讀者，可以讀 "See Look Watch都是看，你知道差在哪怎麼用嗎?" 這篇文章深入了解

7.授予動詞

授予動詞後面有兩個受詞，一個是物，一個是人，常見的授予動詞如下:

show展示, give給, write寫, send寄, make製作, buy買

授予動詞用法:

show/give/write/send/make/buy 某人 某物

show/give/write/send 某物 to 某人

make/ buy 某物 for 某人

例句如下:

show
I showed my brother a picture.我展示給我的弟弟一張圖
I showed a picture to my brother.我展示一張圖給我的弟弟看

give
I gave Elvis a computer.我給Elvis一台電腦
I gave a computer to Elvis. 我拿一台電腦給Elvis.

write
I wrote Jenny a card.我寫給Jenny一張卡片
I wrote a card to Jenny.我寫一張卡片給Jenny

send
I sent Miranda a gift.我寄給Miranda一份禮物
I sent a gift to Miranda. 我寄一份禮物給Miranda

make
I made Cindy a cake. 我做給Cindy一顆蛋糕
I made a cake for Cindy. 我做一顆蛋糕給Cindy

buy
I bought my brother an iPhone. 我買給我弟弟一支iPhone
I bought an iPhone for my brother. 我買一支iPhone給我弟弟

常見不定詞動名詞題目4: 請選出感官動詞和授予動詞的正確用法

1.This dress is pretty. Can you buy it ____ me?
A) for B) to C) from D) X

2.I want to show this photo ____ my best friend.
A) for B) to C) from D) X

3.She will write her teacher ___a thank-you note .
A) for B) to C) on D) X

4. My mom must be sleeping because I can hear her ___.
A) snoring B) to snore C) snores D) snored

5. Can you make some salad ____ me?
A) to B) for C) of D) X

6. I saw my friend ____table tennis yesterday.
A) played B) play C) to play

7.I gave my classmate ___a pen as his birthday gift.
X B) to C) for

8. I gave a pen ____ my classmate.
A) for B) to C) X

9. Sara likes sitting on the porch and watching people ____by.
to pass B) passing C) passed

10. If you have any questions, send me __an email.
for B) to C) X

11. It’s Mother’s Day. I’m going to buy ____ my mother some flowers
A) for B) X C) to

12. While my brother was cooking last night, I smelled something ____.
to burn B) burning C) being burn

答案:
1.for 2. to 3.X 4. snoring 5.for 6. play 7. X 8.to 9.passing 10. X 11.X 12. burning

8.不定詞動名詞當主詞 和 虛主詞it的句型

Jason: Mom, can I play video games later?
Mom: OK, but you need to finish your homework first.
Jason: All right… (He doesn’t really want to do his homework.)
Mom: I know playing video games is fun, but you’re a student now. It’s important for you to study hard.
Jason: OK, OK. I’ll do it right away. Stop nagging, Mom!

Jason: 媽，我可以待會打電動嗎?
Mom: 可以，但是你要先把功課做完
Jason: 好吧...(但其實Jason沒有很想做他的功課)
Mom: 我知道打電動很有趣， 但是你現在是學生，認真讀書這件事情對你來說很重要
Jason: 好 好 我馬上做! 不要再嘮叨了媽!

在這個對話中，不定詞動名詞當主詞 或虛主詞it的句型有:

Playing video games is fun. 玩電玩是很有趣的

It’s important for you to study hard. 認真讀書對你來說是很重要的

*Playing video games is fun.
-> 這句話中playing video games 是主詞, is是動詞, play video games 本來是個動作, 但加上ing後把它名詞化 -> 變成 “玩電玩這件事情”, 然後把playing video games這個動名詞 放在主詞的位置, 這樣的用法稱為 “動名詞當主詞” 動名詞當主詞永遠為單數型, 所以這句話後面的動詞放is

Playing video games is fun.也可以改寫成
-> To play video games is fun. 不定詞當主詞的寫法, 不定詞當主詞也為單數型, 但是這樣的寫法不常見, 比較常用的是使用虛主詞it當開頭的寫法: It is fun to play video games.

It is fun to play video games.

-> it這個主詞其實是 “虛的” 本身真正的意思 等同於句末的 to play video games 玩電玩這件事情

It = to play video games

* It’s important for you to study hard.
-> 句中的 “for you” 指出 It is important to study hard.這句話是對誰說的
注意句子結構為 It is + 形容詞 + for 某人+不定詞片語 (to 做某事)

-> 此句改寫為動名詞當主詞的型態: Studying hard is important for you.

我們再來看幾個例句:

1. Riding a bicycle is interesting. 騎腳踏車是有趣的
-> It is interesting to ride a bicycle.

2. Learning Japanese is hard for Jan. 學日文對Jan來說很困難
-> It is hard for Jan to learn Japanese.

3.Wearing a helmet is necessary for scooter riders. 機車騎士必須要戴安全帽
-> It’s necessary for scooter riders to wear helmets.

常見不定詞動名詞題目5: 不定詞動名詞當主詞 句子改寫

EX: Playing computer games is fun for me.
-> It is fun for me to play computer games.

1. Running is easy for me.
2. Playing basketball is fun for me.
3. It is hard to read English books.
4. It is important to go to school on time.
5. Playing soccer is fun.
6. It is boring to play the guitar.

答案:
1.It is easy for me to run.
2.It is fun for me to play basketball.
3.Reading English books is hard.
4.Going to school on time is important.
5.It is fun to play soccer.
6.Playing the guitar is boring.

9. 動名詞當主詞vs 命令句

動名詞當主詞和命令句的用法是學生很常搞混的概念，因為句子結構長得有點像，考題常都是在開頭挖一個空格問要填哪一個動詞型態， 有些學生看到題目句子開頭空格就以為是要填動名詞，而沒有去看懂題目意思判定， 例如:

_____your hands.

_____ your hands is important.

動詞是wash, 倒底何時要填Wash? 何時要填Washing呢? 以下舉例說明動名詞當主詞和命令句的用法差異:

Mom: Jason, wash your hands before you eat dinner.
Jason: OK, but why?
Mom: Well, washing your hands is important because it removes germs and dirt. If you don’t wash them, those germs can get into your mouth and you’ll get sick.

Mom: Jason, 吃晚餐前要洗手
Jason: OK, 但是為什麼?
Mom: 洗手這件事是很重要的因為可以移除細菌和灰塵，如果你不洗手，那些細菌可能就進到你的嘴巴，然後你會生病!

在這個對話中:

Wash your hands before you eat dinner. 吃晚餐前洗手-> 是命令句
*命令句就是說話者直接給指令，用原型動詞開頭，句子結構中後面不會再有其他主要動詞

Washing your hands is important.洗手是很重要的 -> 是動名詞當主詞
*washing your hands 洗手這件事情，把洗手這個動作名詞化當主詞來用，所以句子中要有一個主要動詞is, 或是其他動詞例如: Washing your hands helps you stay healthy.洗手幫助你保持健康，在此句中helps是主要動詞

常見不定詞動名詞題目6: 命令句vs動名詞當主詞

1. ____ to classical music makes me happy.
A) Listen
B) Listening

2. ____ in the snow is a lot of fun in winter.
A) Play
B) Playing

3. ____ your homework before playing video games.
A) Do
B) Doing

4. ____ in Taipei is expensive.
A) Live
B) Living

5. ____ your room before your friends come over.
A) Clean
B) Cleaning

6. ____ both ways before you cross the street.
A) Look
B) Looking

7. ___badminton is my favorite activity.
A)Play
B)Playing

8. ____ up late is bad for your health.
A) Stay
B) Staying

答案: 1. BBABA 6.ABB

10.不定詞動名詞國中會考歷屆試題114-105年精選

114年 Q4. Cindy enjoys _______her dad read stories to her before bed.
A) To listen to B) listening to C) listen to D) listens to

答案:B

112年大陸考場Q9. It is very cold outside. Please ask Sarah ____a jacket before she goes out.
A) put on B) putting on C) puts on D) to put on

答案: D

112年Q4. People got very excited when they watched Ms. Smith ___at the party.
A) danced B) dancing C) has danced D) to dance

答案: B

111年補考Q5. Don’t let kids ___bicycles on this busy street; it’s very dangerous.
A) ride B) to ride C) riding D) are riding

答案: A

110年Q9. If you’re interested in our business plan, ____this number and ask for Ms. Lee. She’ll answer your questions.
A) calling B) call C) and call D) to call

答案: B

110年補考Q7. The little boy often asks his father ___candies and cookies for him.
A) buy B) buys C) buying D) to buy

答案: D

109補考Q13. Writing stories ___what my father liked to do best in his younger days.
A) were B) was C) have been D) has been

答案: B

106年Q11. ___a map with you when you go to a place for the first time.
A) Have taken B) Take C) Taking D) To take

答案: B

105年Q3. My cat got excited when it saw the boy ___the birds.
A) catches B) catching C) to catch D) caught

答案: B

105年Q9. Playing sports at least three times a week ___good for your health.
A) is B) are C) has D) have

答案: A

不定詞動名詞常見問題

Q1. 何時用不定詞 to+原型動詞，何時用動名詞Ving？

這取決於動詞的用法是什麼，有些動詞後面要接to +原型動詞，有些動詞後面只能接ing，有些接不定詞或動名詞都可以且句子意思不變，有些則是句子意思完全不同，那要怎麼背呢? 最好的方法就是用字去造句和練習!

Q2.如何判斷到底是不定詞的to 還是介系詞的to？

多數的to基本上都是不定詞的to，後面接原型動詞，例如: I need to get the work done today. to當介系詞的用法，後面接名詞或動名詞Ving，例如:look forward to N/ving期待 ( I am looking forward to hearing from you. ) be used to N/ving漸漸習慣 ( I am used to getting up early. ) 這些字詞只能一個一個特別去記憶。

Q3怎麼判斷是祈使句(命令句)還是動名詞當主詞?

命令句就是說話者直接給指令，用原型動詞開頭，句子結構中後面不會再有其他主要動詞，例如: Wash your hands before you eat dinner. 動名詞當主詞的句子，句子中會有一個主要動詞，例如: Washing your hands is important. Washing your hands helps you stay healthy.第一句主要動詞是is，第二句主要動詞是helps。

參考書目:

Azar, Betty Schrampfer.Understanding and Using English Grammar. 5th ed. New York: Pearson Education, 2017

Azar, Betty Schramfer. Fundamentals of English Grammar. 4th ed. New York: Pearson Education, 2011

國中康軒英語課本

國中會考歷屆試題